Andrew Carnegie was a self-made man who became extremely rich by creating a steel industry empire. In "Carnegies Gospel of Wealth," Carnegie writes about how the wealthy should handle there money and what to do with it.
Carnegie believed that wealthy people were necessary for society to evolve and believed it was for the better of the world if the wealthy distributed their money. Carnegie wrote that this distribution should occur in one of three ways: The first way was to pass your wealth on to your family after you died so that the money stayed in the family. Carnegie didn't support this method because he believed it didn't help society as a whole. The second way was to give away the money to society after the wealthy person died. The third way is for the rich person to give away their fortune while they're still alive. Carnegie also supported a death tax, which put a tax on a person who died. He agreed with this because this public death tax, taxed the dead wealthy and then the money could be used to improve public institutions in society like libraries and other various buildings/public works.
Tuesday, December 11, 2007
Saturday, November 17, 2007
LAD #16 Emancipation Proclamation
Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation begin's with a statement from Lincoln that says that on the first day of 1863 all the slaves in American territories that are still in rebellion will be recognized officially by the executive branch as free. Furthermore, the Federal Army and Navy will do tolerate slave uprisings against their masters, in other words they will not suppress any slave rebellions. Lincoln ends the proclamation by encouraging slaves to behave peacefully unless they need to use force to gain their freedom. Furthermore he advises them to find a decent paying job and encourages them to join the American armed forces.
LAD #14 Lincoln's Second Inaugural
In the beginning of Lincoln's second inaugural address, he states that the state of the union is not as complicated as four years before since the south left and as a result his address will be shorter in length. Next, Lincoln states that the civil war is a result of the south fighting to destroy the union while the north is going through great troubles to preserve it. Lincoln next addresses the issue of slavery which he feels is the center of the conflict between north and south. Furthermore, Lincoln defends his and his parties actions of not allowing slavery in new areas but not creating any laws which would conflict slavery in already slave states. Lincoln goes on to state that he doesn't understand southern soldiers praying for God to help them when they're fighting to profit from slavery. Lincoln closes his address by thanking the Northern people for all they've done in the civil war and to keep on fighting and finish up the civil war. Furthermore he states to help care for families who have lost members in the war.
LAD #14 Dred Scott Decision
Dred Scott had runaway from his master to a Northern State and when forced to go back he sued his owner based on slavery rights of the Missouri Comprimise. In the Dred Scott Decision, Cheif Justice Taney ruled that since the land under the Missouri Comprimise was federal land and so under the restrictions of the bill of rights, Dred Scott was property and so must be returned to his master. This juristicion was influenced directly from the right that guarantees a citizens property cannot be taken away without first going through process of law. Furthermore, Dred Scott shouldn't have even been able to sue his master because he was property and not a United States citizen. The juristicion also made the Missouri Comprimise uncostitutional because it interfered with the Bill of Rights. Ultimately, the case was dismissed and Sanford (Dred Scotts' master) got back his property.
Tuesday, November 13, 2007
LAD #13 Lincoln's Gettysburg Address
After the difficult and bloody battle of Gettysburg, Lincoln, in an effort to lift the North's spirit and devotion to the war, created the Gettysburg Address. In the address, Lincoln stated that America had been founded as a land of freedom and the civil war was an event testing the success of the free and united nation. Lincoln states that to honor the soldiers that have already fought and died for the country, the North must continue to devote itself to the war and protect America's freedom and unity.
LAD #12 Lincoln's First Inaugural Address
In the first part of Lincoln's inaugural address, Lincoln acknoldedges the current southern fears of a republican president because many slave owners in the South felt that threatened by Lincoln's party. Furthermore, Lincoln assures the southern people that as president, he has no intention of altering the South's current state of slavery. The president also assures the south that the republican party has created a resolution as to not interfere with the South's current domestic affairs.
In the next part of Lincolns address, Lincoln clears up the problem of runaway slaves to the North. He explains that according to the constitution, slaves are property and so if they runaway to the North and are captured, they will be returned and Lincoln will enforce this law. Furthermore Lincoln explains that just because people believe a law will soon be considered unconstitutional, it doesn't mean they have the option to break it.
In the next part of the address, Lincoln explains his concerns about disunion. He explains that although 72 years worth of presidents have been able to lead the country through great problems, the problem the country will soon face is the most dangerous to date. Furthermore, Lincoln explains that acts against the union are infact illegal because currently their were no legal ways for a country to end or break itself up. Furthermore, Lincoln explains that if the constitution is infact a document made up by all the states, then to dissolve the union requires action by all the states not just a section.
Finally, Lincoln explains that he will defend the union at any cost and that the south has no real reason to flee the union because none of their constitutional rights have been violated. If the south is unable to be ruled by the majority then their other options are anarchy and despotism. Lincoln explains that he believes that instead of revolution or violent actions, the south must use the amending process if they believe their government has wronged them in anyway. Lincoln ends his address by stating that the future of the south lies in their own hands and that the federal government will not be the first to assail them and so the south will be the aggressor if they so choose.
In the next part of Lincolns address, Lincoln clears up the problem of runaway slaves to the North. He explains that according to the constitution, slaves are property and so if they runaway to the North and are captured, they will be returned and Lincoln will enforce this law. Furthermore Lincoln explains that just because people believe a law will soon be considered unconstitutional, it doesn't mean they have the option to break it.
In the next part of the address, Lincoln explains his concerns about disunion. He explains that although 72 years worth of presidents have been able to lead the country through great problems, the problem the country will soon face is the most dangerous to date. Furthermore, Lincoln explains that acts against the union are infact illegal because currently their were no legal ways for a country to end or break itself up. Furthermore, Lincoln explains that if the constitution is infact a document made up by all the states, then to dissolve the union requires action by all the states not just a section.
Finally, Lincoln explains that he will defend the union at any cost and that the south has no real reason to flee the union because none of their constitutional rights have been violated. If the south is unable to be ruled by the majority then their other options are anarchy and despotism. Lincoln explains that he believes that instead of revolution or violent actions, the south must use the amending process if they believe their government has wronged them in anyway. Lincoln ends his address by stating that the future of the south lies in their own hands and that the federal government will not be the first to assail them and so the south will be the aggressor if they so choose.
Thursday, November 8, 2007
John Calhoun Speech LAD #11
In 1850, John Calhoun wrote a speech yet he had become so ill that another senator had to read the speech for him. 27 days after the speech, John Calhoun passed away.
In his famous speech to the senate he expressed his concern about the union bieng split. He strongly felt that it was close to disunion for a number of reasons. He felt that the Unions first priority was slavery because he felt that it was a problem that had been avoided for too long and that it would have to be resolved in order to preserve the union.
Calhoun's speech explained to congress that slavery was the main issue but other problems like political divisions were contributing to disunity as well. Sectional disbalance was another problem as New England had been controlling the government for quite some time and taking advantage of institutions like the National Bank. The future annexation of new northern states was also a contributing cause to the split because the South was angry that there were no more southern states bieng annexed. The northen territories would add up to a 3/4 of the total states if the north was successful in annexing the states. These new northern states would result in an unfair northern advantage in the House of Representatives, Electoral College and the Senate. The south was also angered because they were bieng taxed more heavily even though the North was more wealthy and full of aristocrats. The south was also bothered by the heavy tarriffs because it was greatly hurting their trade with foreign nations. Yet the main problem remained slavery which the north believed was morally wrong while the south argued back that it was necessary for the southern economy to function. It was clear that abolishment would equal seccession. Calhoun concluded that the South needed to be satisfied and appeased or the union would be split.
In his famous speech to the senate he expressed his concern about the union bieng split. He strongly felt that it was close to disunion for a number of reasons. He felt that the Unions first priority was slavery because he felt that it was a problem that had been avoided for too long and that it would have to be resolved in order to preserve the union.
Calhoun's speech explained to congress that slavery was the main issue but other problems like political divisions were contributing to disunity as well. Sectional disbalance was another problem as New England had been controlling the government for quite some time and taking advantage of institutions like the National Bank. The future annexation of new northern states was also a contributing cause to the split because the South was angry that there were no more southern states bieng annexed. The northen territories would add up to a 3/4 of the total states if the north was successful in annexing the states. These new northern states would result in an unfair northern advantage in the House of Representatives, Electoral College and the Senate. The south was also angered because they were bieng taxed more heavily even though the North was more wealthy and full of aristocrats. The south was also bothered by the heavy tarriffs because it was greatly hurting their trade with foreign nations. Yet the main problem remained slavery which the north believed was morally wrong while the south argued back that it was necessary for the southern economy to function. It was clear that abolishment would equal seccession. Calhoun concluded that the South needed to be satisfied and appeased or the union would be split.
Polk's War Message LAD #10
In 1846 after on-going fighting with Mexico, President Polk addressed congress concerning diplomatic relations with the current enemy. Previous diplomatic negotiations for peace had failed and including when America sent diplomats to Mexico and the current leader, General Paredes, refused to meet with them. The warring between the two nations had hurt both nation greatly economically because trade had once flourished between the two countries. The core of the problem was that Texas and Mexico had both claimed land and were now fighting over the boundaries. Once Texas was annexed, America felt the responsibility to defend the new Texan state and so President Polk ordered General Taylor to fight the mexicans using the American troops. Furthermore, General taylor was given the option of picking up volunteers in the surrounding states. The troops set up near the Nueces River and at Corpus Christi. In his message, Polk asked for support from Congress so that the war could come to an end quickly.
Sunday, November 4, 2007
Seneca Falls Declaration LAD #9
The opening of The Seneca Falls Declaration of Sentiments and Resolutions states that women are created equal to men and have the same inalienable rights. Furthermore it's stated that the government is put in place to protect these inalienable rights and when it fails to protect them, the governed have the right to overthrow or change the government because the government gets its power from the people and so the people have a right to take that power away if they feel the need to do so.
The next part of the Declaration states all the repeated injuries and negative treatment of men towards women. The list starts of by stating that men have never allowed women to practice their inalienable rights. Also Included in this list of grievances is the statement that when a woman gets married, in the eyes of the law she is "dead" or loses her rights. Furthermore it states that man takes all of his wives property including her salary or wages she earns from work. It also states that men have used their power to lessen women's self respect and have monopolized nearly all profitable empolyment oppurtunites. Men have also denied womens oppurtunies of education by shutting down colleges.
The last part of the declaration is a list of resolutions to solve the problems and grievances previously listed. This list basically summarizes the belief that women need to be treated as equals to men and have the same rights and oppurtunities. These oppurtunities include ranks and rights in religion, employment, government and education.
The next part of the Declaration states all the repeated injuries and negative treatment of men towards women. The list starts of by stating that men have never allowed women to practice their inalienable rights. Also Included in this list of grievances is the statement that when a woman gets married, in the eyes of the law she is "dead" or loses her rights. Furthermore it states that man takes all of his wives property including her salary or wages she earns from work. It also states that men have used their power to lessen women's self respect and have monopolized nearly all profitable empolyment oppurtunites. Men have also denied womens oppurtunies of education by shutting down colleges.
The last part of the declaration is a list of resolutions to solve the problems and grievances previously listed. This list basically summarizes the belief that women need to be treated as equals to men and have the same rights and oppurtunities. These oppurtunities include ranks and rights in religion, employment, government and education.
Sunday, October 21, 2007
LAD #8 Monroe Doctrine
The Monroe Doctrine was issued during Monroe's seventh year as President. The first section of the doctrine explains that Russa, America and Great Britain began negotiating their different claims for land in the Northwest of North America. Furthermore, Monroe states that he believes that the Northwestern lands in America shouldn't be considered subjects for future colonization by European powers because America has a personal intrest in these lands and plans on expanding.
The second part of the doctrine states that America will not interfere with Europe and its colonies but remain neutral in these fairs. At the same time though, Monroe states that for those governments that have recently pronounced their independence; America acknowledges their independence and firmly believes that Europe should leave these newly free countries alone. Although America feels that Spain has no reason to oppress or control these new countries, America states that it will not interfere provided no change shall occur which will put America's safety at risk.
The next part of the Monroe doctrine states that Europe is still unsettled which can be seen by the several problems with Spain and Portugal. Monroe states that he believes Europe shouldn't interfere with internal problems or conflicts going on in other countries; a policy followed by America.
The second part of the doctrine states that America will not interfere with Europe and its colonies but remain neutral in these fairs. At the same time though, Monroe states that for those governments that have recently pronounced their independence; America acknowledges their independence and firmly believes that Europe should leave these newly free countries alone. Although America feels that Spain has no reason to oppress or control these new countries, America states that it will not interfere provided no change shall occur which will put America's safety at risk.
The next part of the Monroe doctrine states that Europe is still unsettled which can be seen by the several problems with Spain and Portugal. Monroe states that he believes Europe shouldn't interfere with internal problems or conflicts going on in other countries; a policy followed by America.
Wednesday, October 10, 2007
LAD #7
Thomas Jefferson starts off his address by stating that he is proud to be the new ruler of young American nation. He is also states that he's grateful for his fellow citizens who elected him as president. Furthermore Jefferson states that throughout his term he will always look to the constitution as a source of wisdom.
In the second paragraph Jefferson urges that the nation needs to stay united with "one heart and one mind." Jefferson also states that polical parties don't divide our principles, they're just different opinions. Jefferson also demands that slavery and religious intolerance come to and end and he shows that the highly critized current government is fine because it's what has successfully kept the citizens free.
In the third paragraph Jefferson talks about how America should focus on itself and not what goes on in Europe, basically Jefferson states he wants to remain neutral. Jefferson goes on to say that the government is there to keep citizens from injuring eachother which at the same time allows citizens to do as they please and lets things run smoothly.
In the fourth paragraph Jefferson talks about his plan for the future like maintaining freedom, equality and neutrality for the nation, supporting trade, industrilization and agrictulture and supporting both the central government and states government. Jefferson concludes his inaunugral address by promising to do his duties as president according to what is best for the nation.
In the second paragraph Jefferson urges that the nation needs to stay united with "one heart and one mind." Jefferson also states that polical parties don't divide our principles, they're just different opinions. Jefferson also demands that slavery and religious intolerance come to and end and he shows that the highly critized current government is fine because it's what has successfully kept the citizens free.
In the third paragraph Jefferson talks about how America should focus on itself and not what goes on in Europe, basically Jefferson states he wants to remain neutral. Jefferson goes on to say that the government is there to keep citizens from injuring eachother which at the same time allows citizens to do as they please and lets things run smoothly.
In the fourth paragraph Jefferson talks about his plan for the future like maintaining freedom, equality and neutrality for the nation, supporting trade, industrilization and agrictulture and supporting both the central government and states government. Jefferson concludes his inaunugral address by promising to do his duties as president according to what is best for the nation.
Tuesday, October 9, 2007
Christopher Columbus Response
Columbus day is a day where we can enjoy a day off from school or work in honor of Christopher Columbus' accomplishments. The majority of people believe that Christopher Columbus was a true hero, an honest and strong individual who through heroic actions discovered America while on an expedition to find a quick route to Asia. Yet this great, honest, strong and heroic image of Christopher Colombus is a common misconception. In reality Columbus was more of a villain then a hero. He was a deceitful, dishonest, cruel and merciless man who would stop and nothing to get that which he wanted.
Christopher Colombus' fallacious behavior can be seen when he stole prize money from one of his crew men and when, to bolster his own reputation, he lied about the amount of gold located at an island. This event occured when one of his men was the first to see and report the land now known as the Bahamas. According to spanish law, the crewmember was supposed to recieve prize money since he was the first to spot the land, yet Colombus dishonestly convinced Spain that he was the one to spot the island and so he in turn recieved the prize money. When reporting about the island, he also bolstered his reputation by lying about the amount of gold that was located at the island.
The scariest part of Christopher Colombus was his treatment of the natives in America. Since Colombus had claimed their was huge amounts of gold when there really wasn't but he still had to send something back to Spain to make up for his lies. So Colombus turned to slavery and unfair trading. Colombus ripped of the Arawak indians when trading and also went on slave raids. During slave raids, children and women were taken as slaves for sex and labor, many indians were also killed during the raids. After capturing slaves, Colombus and his men decided on the 500 best who were then sent to Spain, only 300 of the indians made the trip. Yet Colombus wasn't done yet, he then ordered everyone fourteen years and older to collect a set amount of gold. Once an indian would acquire this impossible amount, they were given a copper token. Those indians who didn't get the set amount of gold had their hands cut off and bled to death. In the end, Indians all around the area fled to get away from Colombus and his men, and if they're villages were raided, the babys were killed by their parents to save them from the cruelty of the Spanish.
As stated earlier, the heroic image of Colombus is a grave misconception. Colombus was not a hero, he was a false, extremely cruel and persistant villain who achieved fame and accomplishments through false reports and forced labor of the Arawak indians.
Christopher Colombus' fallacious behavior can be seen when he stole prize money from one of his crew men and when, to bolster his own reputation, he lied about the amount of gold located at an island. This event occured when one of his men was the first to see and report the land now known as the Bahamas. According to spanish law, the crewmember was supposed to recieve prize money since he was the first to spot the land, yet Colombus dishonestly convinced Spain that he was the one to spot the island and so he in turn recieved the prize money. When reporting about the island, he also bolstered his reputation by lying about the amount of gold that was located at the island.
The scariest part of Christopher Colombus was his treatment of the natives in America. Since Colombus had claimed their was huge amounts of gold when there really wasn't but he still had to send something back to Spain to make up for his lies. So Colombus turned to slavery and unfair trading. Colombus ripped of the Arawak indians when trading and also went on slave raids. During slave raids, children and women were taken as slaves for sex and labor, many indians were also killed during the raids. After capturing slaves, Colombus and his men decided on the 500 best who were then sent to Spain, only 300 of the indians made the trip. Yet Colombus wasn't done yet, he then ordered everyone fourteen years and older to collect a set amount of gold. Once an indian would acquire this impossible amount, they were given a copper token. Those indians who didn't get the set amount of gold had their hands cut off and bled to death. In the end, Indians all around the area fled to get away from Colombus and his men, and if they're villages were raided, the babys were killed by their parents to save them from the cruelty of the Spanish.
As stated earlier, the heroic image of Colombus is a grave misconception. Colombus was not a hero, he was a false, extremely cruel and persistant villain who achieved fame and accomplishments through false reports and forced labor of the Arawak indians.
Monday, October 1, 2007
LAD #7 Washington's Farewell Address
Washington wrote the Farewell Address after completing his second term as President. After completing his second term, the people wished for him to run again yet he refused. He stated that he wished to return to a calm and peaceful life. In the Farewell Address Washington warned that American citizens should avoid the rise of political parties claiming that parties would split the nation which contradicted his belief that national unity was extremely important for the success of the nation.Washington also advised America to continue a policy of isolationism in foreign affairs. Furthermore Washington said that America should try to remain neutral, not make allies or enemies. Washington also stressed the point that the constitution was an extremely important part of the United States and urged that people abide it's rules. In the Address, Washington also thanked the America people for the honors they conferred upon him and the many oppurtunities they gave him.
LAD #6
George Washington's Proclamation of Neutrality was a statement which created rules for America's actions towards the war that was currently going on in Europe. It stated that America would not intervene in the war by not taking sides with any of the warring nations, not in anyway aiding one of the warring nations and warned citizens that anyone who sold contraband, aided one of the nations or broke any of the other rules would be punished.
Tuesday, September 25, 2007
LAD #4
1. Factions are difficult to eliminate because either liberty has to be destroyed or to force or give the same opinion to every citizen. This makes things very difficult because liberty is what allows a faction to form and so without it the faction means nothing, destroying liberty would be contradicting everything the United States Government stands for. At the same time it's just as difficult to instill the identical opinion on every citizen because people have their own opinions and views and so its almost impossbile to successfully have every citizen agree or think the same way. Also, liberty and individual opinion go hand in hand so if theres liberty, you cannot force opinion.
2. Although factions cannot be removed, they can still be controlled in a number of ways. One way is to prevent the existence of similar ideas or beliefs through a majority of people, this way religion will not be able to control factions. Republican laws like having a representative for a certain region also helps because then one faction will "control" a certain region but it won't affect other factions because they'll have different representatives and ideas to go with them. The idea of majority rules also works in controlling a faction, yet this only works if the faction is a minority. If this is the case then "majority rules" can override the faction in a democratic way.
2. Although factions cannot be removed, they can still be controlled in a number of ways. One way is to prevent the existence of similar ideas or beliefs through a majority of people, this way religion will not be able to control factions. Republican laws like having a representative for a certain region also helps because then one faction will "control" a certain region but it won't affect other factions because they'll have different representatives and ideas to go with them. The idea of majority rules also works in controlling a faction, yet this only works if the faction is a minority. If this is the case then "majority rules" can override the faction in a democratic way.
Wednesday, September 19, 2007
Lad 4
1. I learned that the camera which was availabe by 1861 was able to capture battle pictures which made the war seem more modern. Furthermore, many historians have proclaimed it the first modern war.
2. Another thing I learned was that George Washington had his former aide-in-camp, Lt. Col. David Humphrey, write a biography on Washington. George Washington aided Humphrey by recalling his role in the French and Indian war.
3. Another thing I found interesting was that the general American public has the impression that the REvolutionary War wasn't very bad, with low casualties and all together misery didn't exist.
4. By 1836 all the members of the revolutionary war and revolution were gone and so since then, history and memories about the war has all come from people who had not lived through the actual events.
5. I was surprised to read that the most popular paintings of the American Revolution give a rather different view of events. These paintings depict various famous battle themes yet none actually depict battle scenes. The paintings have a "sanitized image" of the revolutionary war greatly differ compared to photographs of Civil War battlefields which show mangled corpes and worn out soldiers.
2. Another thing I learned was that George Washington had his former aide-in-camp, Lt. Col. David Humphrey, write a biography on Washington. George Washington aided Humphrey by recalling his role in the French and Indian war.
3. Another thing I found interesting was that the general American public has the impression that the REvolutionary War wasn't very bad, with low casualties and all together misery didn't exist.
4. By 1836 all the members of the revolutionary war and revolution were gone and so since then, history and memories about the war has all come from people who had not lived through the actual events.
5. I was surprised to read that the most popular paintings of the American Revolution give a rather different view of events. These paintings depict various famous battle themes yet none actually depict battle scenes. The paintings have a "sanitized image" of the revolutionary war greatly differ compared to photographs of Civil War battlefields which show mangled corpes and worn out soldiers.
Sunday, September 16, 2007
Lad #3
The Declaration of Independence was the document that officially declared that the American Colonies were independent from Britain. When Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, he included several Democratic elements and naturally a list of grievances. "Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness," were the three fundamental democratic rights stated in the Declaration. Thomas Jefferson and the American people firmly believed that it was necessary for citizens to have these three unalienable rights. Thomas Jefferson was influenced by the ideas of Rousseau who claimed that once a Government ignores the rights or consent of the citizens, then the citizens have the right to alter or overthrow the government. Jefferson included this statement to the Declaration because he knew that in a Democracy, the powers government came from the people and so if the people were dissatisfied with it, they could do something about it.
In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson included a list of grievances or complaints inwhich the American people felt towards the British Government. Included was the King's refusal to alter laws which would benefit the people, King's refusal to pass laws which would accomadate a large group not just the select few, the dissolving of Representative Bodies which invades the right of the people, the King's obstruction of justice by refusing his assent to laws to establish judiciary powers and finally the King's order to keep standing armies in times of peace. Jefferson included these greivances and more, to give reasons to the king why the colonies were breaking away.
July 4th is known as Independence day for it is on July 4th, 1776, that the Americans signed the Declaration of Independence which officially declared the American colonies independent from British control. This officially made America an independent nation which had it's own government which could declare war, trade and ally with other countries and from then take action without the approval of the British Government. Although America still needed to fight the British after July 4th to gain there real independence, America was ideologically free after the Declaration of Independence.
In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson included a list of grievances or complaints inwhich the American people felt towards the British Government. Included was the King's refusal to alter laws which would benefit the people, King's refusal to pass laws which would accomadate a large group not just the select few, the dissolving of Representative Bodies which invades the right of the people, the King's obstruction of justice by refusing his assent to laws to establish judiciary powers and finally the King's order to keep standing armies in times of peace. Jefferson included these greivances and more, to give reasons to the king why the colonies were breaking away.
July 4th is known as Independence day for it is on July 4th, 1776, that the Americans signed the Declaration of Independence which officially declared the American colonies independent from British control. This officially made America an independent nation which had it's own government which could declare war, trade and ally with other countries and from then take action without the approval of the British Government. Although America still needed to fight the British after July 4th to gain there real independence, America was ideologically free after the Declaration of Independence.
Friday, September 7, 2007
LAD 2
1. Peter Zenger was a newspaper publisher in New York, who voiced opposition towards the policies of newly appointed colonial Governor William Crosby. As a result of these publications in his newspaper, Peter Zenger was arrested and charged with seditious libel.
2. The controversy over the charges was that Peter Zenger was wrongly convicted. To defend Zenger, Hamilton proved to the court that Zenger could not be convicted with libel because the offending stories about Cosby that Zenger published were all based on fact, they were not made up. In conclusion, Zenger was set free because his offending stories about Cosby were true and since they were true, Zenger couldn't be convicted of libel.
3. The significance of Zenger's trial was that Lawyers could now defend clients by proving that if a statement is true, than it's not libel. After the trial, Judges also saw Libel cases in a new way, leading to better outcomes for people convicted of libel.
4. The lasting signifcance of Zenger's trail was the further advancement of freedom of the press. Furthermore, newspapers were now able to publish offending articles and stories as long as they were true. This is all because Zenger's trial proved that if statements were true, persons could not be convicted of libel. Libel cases, now also had better outcomes for the defense.
2. The controversy over the charges was that Peter Zenger was wrongly convicted. To defend Zenger, Hamilton proved to the court that Zenger could not be convicted with libel because the offending stories about Cosby that Zenger published were all based on fact, they were not made up. In conclusion, Zenger was set free because his offending stories about Cosby were true and since they were true, Zenger couldn't be convicted of libel.
3. The significance of Zenger's trial was that Lawyers could now defend clients by proving that if a statement is true, than it's not libel. After the trial, Judges also saw Libel cases in a new way, leading to better outcomes for people convicted of libel.
4. The lasting signifcance of Zenger's trail was the further advancement of freedom of the press. Furthermore, newspapers were now able to publish offending articles and stories as long as they were true. This is all because Zenger's trial proved that if statements were true, persons could not be convicted of libel. Libel cases, now also had better outcomes for the defense.
Thursday, September 6, 2007
LAD 1
1. Passing just and equal laws, acts and ordinances are just some of the multiple concepts included in the May Flower Compact of 1620. Other concepts include the promise to create a unified, democratic-like government. The general or basic concept of the Mayflower Compact was to show that several actions were taking place for the general good of the colony.
2. The May Flower Compact reflects an attachment to both the old and new worlds in multiple ways. The compact states multiple times that a government will be set up in the name of the king of England which shows loyalty to the mother country. The compact also shows an attachment to the new world as the new government is established primarily for the good of the colony in the New World. The government is also slightly different from the government in England as the May Flower Compact takes a more democratic approach, which is different from the old world.
3. The fundamental orders of Connecticut differ from the Mayflower Compact in the sense that the Fundamental orders of Connecticut is a document of acts that goes in depth, stating specific laws and situations which must be followed. The Mayflower Compact isn’t a set of laws but instead a basic outline or set of ideas on how the government will be run. The Mayflower Compact is also different because it is a “Civil Body Politick” while the Fundamental orders of Connecticut will be run as a commonwealth.
4.The Fundamental orders of Connecticut were established because colonists living in Hartford, Windsor and Wethersfield were fighting. Yet the colonist’s religion required them to live in peace and union and so a government was set up to ensure order and peace.
5.The orders reflect fear against superior power by an individual or group in several ways. The first decree includes a section that says that no magistrate can be chosen for more than one year. Later on in the orders, it states that person can be chosen for governor more that one time in two years. Both orders show that the colonists felt more secure if people’s time in power was limited. This is because as stated earlier, the colonists greatly feared the supreme power of one individual in government. Basically the orders worked towards maintaining fair and equal power in the common wealth.
2. The May Flower Compact reflects an attachment to both the old and new worlds in multiple ways. The compact states multiple times that a government will be set up in the name of the king of England which shows loyalty to the mother country. The compact also shows an attachment to the new world as the new government is established primarily for the good of the colony in the New World. The government is also slightly different from the government in England as the May Flower Compact takes a more democratic approach, which is different from the old world.
3. The fundamental orders of Connecticut differ from the Mayflower Compact in the sense that the Fundamental orders of Connecticut is a document of acts that goes in depth, stating specific laws and situations which must be followed. The Mayflower Compact isn’t a set of laws but instead a basic outline or set of ideas on how the government will be run. The Mayflower Compact is also different because it is a “Civil Body Politick” while the Fundamental orders of Connecticut will be run as a commonwealth.
4.The Fundamental orders of Connecticut were established because colonists living in Hartford, Windsor and Wethersfield were fighting. Yet the colonist’s religion required them to live in peace and union and so a government was set up to ensure order and peace.
5.The orders reflect fear against superior power by an individual or group in several ways. The first decree includes a section that says that no magistrate can be chosen for more than one year. Later on in the orders, it states that person can be chosen for governor more that one time in two years. Both orders show that the colonists felt more secure if people’s time in power was limited. This is because as stated earlier, the colonists greatly feared the supreme power of one individual in government. Basically the orders worked towards maintaining fair and equal power in the common wealth.
Wednesday, September 5, 2007
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
